Sect | Tasdeeq bi al-qalb | Iqrar bi al-lisaan | Amal bi al-jawari’ | View |
Khawarij | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | if you do a major sin you become a kafir |
Mu’tazila | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | if you sin then you are not a muslim, but you are not a kafir either |
Karramiyah | ✔ | ✔ | ||
Jahmiyyah | ✔ | |||
Murji’ah | ✔ |
Response to the different sects:
- Those who say only tasdeeq bi al-qalb is necessary – this would include Abu Jahl and the jews in this definition of being Muslim, as they affirmed in their heart that they were Muslims, but did not testify this outwardly.
- Those who say iqrar bi al-lisaan is necessary but tasdeeq bi al-qalb is not – this would include the munafiqeen in this definition of being Muslim, as they testified that they were Muslims openly, and would practise the different aspects of Islam outwardly, however they did not believe in their hearts.